Plankton+Pioneers

__**Plankton Pioneers will evaluate information on websites before adding to this wiki. Use the link below.**__ __**Evaluating Information**__

**Invertebrate Websites** Pls put your first name and first inital of your last name, period, and date. Then add the website. See Ariel's example below. Let's try to avoid Wikipedia sites. You might want to follow the links on Wikipedia.

**How to add sites:** Once you get to this page, click "Sign in" and login. Click the "Edit" tab. Add your name right under these directions. Click "Link," choose "External Link" fill the box with the website title, then copy and paste the URL in the box. Check the box for New Window. Remember to "Save" when you are done. Come to the library for help if needed.

Anson T. Pd.1 4/11/2011 Cyanea Octopus

Everything Octopus Octopus Marine Bio Everything Octopus (2)

**Joshua K. Pd.6 4/3/11** **Opihi**

[|__http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/htms/kahoinvr/family/patelli.htm__] [|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpet__] [|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_freshwater_limpet__] [|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurellidae__] [|__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenacolepadidae__] [|__http://www.opihi4sale.com/__] [|__http://library.thinkquest.org/J001418/limpet.html__] [|__http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Limpet.shtml__]

**Jessica C. Pd. 3 4/1/11** **Gulf Pearl Oyster** [] [] [] [] []  [] [] [] [|http://www.idosi.org/wjfms/wjfms1(2)09/5.pdf] []

[] [] [] []

**Ciara K. Pd. 3 4/1/11** **Mantis Shrimp** [|Different species of mantis shrimp] [|Mantis Shrimp] [|Mantis Shrimp]

**KAITA T. P6 4/1/11** Scrambled Egg Nudibranch [|Scrambled Egg Nudibranch] [|Scrambled Egg Nudibranch 2] [|Scrambled Egg Nudibranch 3] [|Scrambled Egg NUdibranch 4] [|Scrambled Egg Nudibranch 5]

**Mariah G. P 1 4/1/11** Hawaiian Red shrimp powerpint @http://www.petshrimp.com/hawaiianredshrimp.php http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/inv/malaysianrainbow.php

**Ji Won Kwak Period 3 4/1/11** [|Answers: What eats hermit crabs] [|Answers: What does hermit crabs eat] [|Salt Aquarium] [|Fish Profile] [|Pet Education] [|Waikiki Aquarium]

**Michael Sakai Period 1 3/31/11** Conspicuous sea cucumber PowerPoint Websites [|Marinelifephotography] [|Pearl Fish] [|Conspicuous Cucumber] [|Sea Cucumbers] [|What it eats, what eats it, etc.]

**Phybe C. Period 3 3/31/11** Small Sea Hare PowerPoint Websites [|Marinelifephotography] [|Sea Hare Orgies] [|Life cycle of Sea Hare] [|Characteristics of Sea Hare] [|Diet of the Sea Hare]

**Brenda L. Period 1 3/31/11** Spaghetti Worm Power Point Websites [|Coral Reel Polychaetes] [|Spaghetti and Hair Worms] [|Spaghetti Worm] [|Spaghetti Worms In Fish]

**Ariel U. Period: 4 3/31/2011** Sleepy Sponge Crab Powerpoint Websites [|Crab Information] [|Blue Crabs and Sponge Crabs] [|Sleepy Sponge Crab Dromia dormia]

**Edmund H. Period: 5 4/1/11** limu wawae'iole powerpoint websites: Teriyaki style Limu wawae’iole [|Loko Umeki Fish Pond] [|Edible Limu... Gifts from the Sea] [|What animals eat seaweed?] [|Codium fragile: Dead Man's Fingers] [|Codium setchellii] [|Codium setchellii comment name] [|Codium effusum] [|Gametangium-like Structures as Propagation Buds in Codium edule Silva (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)1] [|Where you can find Limu wawae’iole pic] [|Seaweed diagram pic] Mr.Kow on the minerals plants needs Pictures sources: [|Codium setchellii pics] [|Codium pic] [|rat foot pic] [|Codium fragile: Dead Man's Fingers pics] [|Limu wawae;iole pics] [|sun and water pics] [|iron element fe pics] [|sulfur element s pics] [|poke pics] [|Toothpaste pics] [|Codium cells picture]

**Ariel T. Period: 6 3/31/2011** Lace Coral PowerPoint Websites [|Pocillopora damicornis] <span style="color: black; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">[|Coral Anatomy] <span style="color: black; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">[|What do Coral Eat?] <span style="color: black; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">[|Zooxanthellae] <span style="color: black; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">[|Why are Coral Reefs Important] <span style="color: black; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">[|Oldest Living Corals]

**Erica S. Period: 3 4/1/2011** Coral Banded Shrimp [|Coral Banded Shrimp (Stenopus hispidus)] [|family of the coral banded shrimp] [|The Banded Coral Shrimp, Stenopus hispidus] [|Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda Coral Banded Shrimp (Stenopus hispidus)] [|Stenopus Hispidus]

**Diana L. Period: 5 4/1/2011** Samoan Crab Powerpoint Websites FAQ Sheet of Samoan Crab Inverbrate Guide to Samoan Crab FactSheet of Samoan Crab Marine Education of Samoan Crab Info: What it eats, how to eat it, etc. Economic Impact

**Cera T. Period: 6 4/1/2011** Red Carnation Coral PowerPoint Websites [|Predators, Preys] [|Prey] [|Facts] [|Economic Significance, Geographic Distribution] [|Carnivore, Omnivore, or Herbivore?]

**Tiffany L. Period: 1 4/8/2011** Green bubble coral PowerPoint Websites [|Overview of the bubble coral] [|Quick Facts] [|Quick Stats] [|Charateristics of the bubble coral]

**Team 1**

__Marine Aquariums__ [|Marine Aquarium Basics] A saltwater aquarium should hold at least 30 gallons of water, since larger tasks are more stable in water quality and allow for a greater variety of fish species. Surface area ratio is important for oxygen exchange. A calcium carbonate substrate buffers the water and replaces trace elements. The addition of sea salt to tap water does not necessarily provide suitable aquarium water for marine fish. Pollutants and impurities may need to be purified from the water through reverse osmosis to sustain delicate marine fish. ||
 * A **Brief Introduction to the Saltwater Aquarium**
 * Topic: Aquarium water, Aquariums ||
 * URL: http://www.aquaticcritter.com ||

__Bioremediation filter for marine aquarium__ [|Scrambled Egg Nudibranch]

__Chemical Cycles & its application in the captive situation__ "Biogeochemical Cycling: Inputs and Outputs of Nutrients to Ecosystems" was created by Dr. Michael Pidwirny, Department of Geography, Okanagan University College. According to this web site, "The patterns of cycling nutrients in the biosphere involves not only metabolism by living organisms, but also a series of strictly abiotic chemical reactions. Understanding the cycle of a single element requires the knowledge of a process that depends jointly on the biology of all organisms that utilize the element, its geological availability, and its organic and inorganic chemistry. Thus, understanding the cycling of biologically important elements is truly interdisciplinary in nature. We generally call this process biogeochemical cycling." Learn more here. ||
 * **Biogeochemical Cycling: Inputs and Outputs of Nutrients to Ecosystems**
 * Topic: Biogeochemical cycles ||
 * URL: http://www.physicalgeography.net ||

Team 2**

__History of professional submersible ROVs__ submersible robot information You can discover the various kinds of equipment used in different kinds of diving at this web site. The information here is divided into six sections, starting with "Cool Technology: Using ROVs," which explains how underwater explorers use remotely operated vehicles in their expeditions. Then you can click on "Diving Bells" to learn about these underwater chambers. Other sections discuss "Helmet (Hard Hat) Diving," "Scuba Diving," "Saturation Diving (Living in Underwater Habitats)" and "Submarines and Bathyspheres." ||
 * **Underwater Exploration: Tools and Gear**
 * **Underwater Exploration: Tools and Gear**
 * Topic: Deep diving ||
 * URL: http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu ||

__Modification of Sea Perch Submersible__ [|seagrant]


 * Team 3**
 * Team 3**

__History of captive breeding of marine invertebrates and microbes__

__Species loss and habitat change due to global warming__ "As the temperature of the waters in the oceans rises and the seas become less dense, they will spread, occupying more surface area on the planet." This means that the warm water temperature will speed up the rate sea level rises. The rise of ocean temperature has caused great concern for our environment. It affects both marine life and human activity. This rise in the ocean level affects coastal areas around the world. Read this article to learn more about this problem. || Scientists who have been studying ocean currents discovered that at one point in history the flow of deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean was reversed. This report explains why this discovery is relevant and discusses the fact that similar results are expected in the near future due to climate changes over the next one hundred years. The report also explains why the Atlantic Ocean circulation is important part of the climate system and provides details related to the study that resulted in this discovery. || London doesn't get a lot of snow. If the ocean currents that help keep Britain's winters mild get disrupted by melting Arctic ice, it could get colder and snowier in the United Kingdom. Investigate how the Gulf Stream carries warm water north from the equator and then sinks as it cools and travels south. Saltwater diluted by melting freshwater won't sink as well and the Gulf Stream could stop. It has happened before, causing rapid climate change. As temperatures in most parts of the world get warmer from global warming, it could get colder in the North Atlantic. || Ocean.com is your source for up-to-the-minute news on the health of our oceans and its inhabitants. Filled with stories of the sea and its amazing creatures, you will learn what scientists have discovered about the effect fishing, pollution and global warming have had on oceans and marine life. Read about the continuing research and sustainable solutions to some of these problems. ||
 * **Global Warming and Rising Oceans**
 * Topic: Global warming, Ocean temperature ||
 * URL: http://www.actionbioscience.org ||  ||   ||
 * [[image:http://destiny.k12.hi.us/images/icons/general/line.gif height="2"]] ||  ||
 * **Current Global Warming May Reverse Circulation in Atlantic Ocean, as It Did 20,000 Years Ago**
 * Topic: Atlantic Ocean, Global warming, Ocean circulation ||
 * URL: http://www.sciencedaily.com ||  ||   ||
 * [[image:http://destiny.k12.hi.us/images/icons/general/line.gif height="2"]] ||  ||
 * **Changing Ocean Currents**
 * Topic: Global temperature changes, Global warming, Gulf Stream, Ocean currents ||
 * URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk ||  ||   ||
 * [[image:http://destiny.k12.hi.us/images/icons/general/line.gif height="2"]] ||  ||
 * **Ocean.com: Think Deep**
 * Topic: Oceanography ||
 * URL: http://www.ocean.com ||  ||


 * __el nino -__**


 * __la nina__**


 * __Reseeding of captive-bred organisms back into the wild__**

__Plankton__ [|eoearth] [|why plankton] [|phytonplankton infoajkd] [|plankton types] [|Why Marine Phytoplankton: NATURE'S PERFECT TOTAL FOOD] [|Zooplankton-Treasures of the Sea]

An in-depth look at the marine organisms known as plankton is provided on this web site, which begins by explaining the differences between phytoplankton and zooplankton. A discussion of the habitat and size of zooplankton follows, along with a summary of the two types of zooplankton, permanent and temporary. An overview of the smallest zooplankton includes information about foraminifera, radiolarians, cilliates, and zooflagellates. Also described are some of the following larger zooplankton: jellyfish, siphonophores, copepods, and krill. || Plankton and their role as indicators of environmental and aquatic health of the Chesapeake Bay are featured on this web site, which begins with a description of plankton and their location in the aquatic food chain. A discussion of the environmental factors which influence phytoplankton growth is followed by a list of the phytoplankton found in the Chesapeake Bay. A look at the zooplankton indicators which help scientists determine the environmental conditions of Chesapeake Bay is also found on this site. || The word plankton comes from the Greek word for "drifter", which correctly describes this group of marine organisms that drift with the ocean's currents. This virtual plankton tow includes an explanation of the methods used by scientists to tow, or collect and study this tiny form of marine life, along with images and profiles of nine types of both phytoplankton and zooplankton caught in a plankton tow. Also provided is a look at creatures caught in a virtual net tow. || Clear blue water surrounding the Great Barrier Reef appears empty, but it holds tiny life called plankton. The introduction at the Australian Museum tells what plankton is made up of and describes their role in the marine food chain. You will be introduced to phytoplankton, zooplankton, holoplankton, and meroplankton. Learn the characteristics of each type of plankton and see some great images of many diverse types of plankton. The process of crustacean metamorphoses from free-swimming meroplankton to reef-dwelling adult is explained. || Plankton are microscopic aquatic organisms that flow with the ocean's current, and are divided into phytoplankton (tiny plants) and zooplankton (tiny animals). This web site explains how phytoplankton uses photosynthesis for energy, and how zooplankton eat other plankton. Three types of zooplankton are discussed, including those that are larval and eventually turn into larger animals such as mollusks, fish, and jellyfish. A diagram of some larval zooplankton is included, along with a look at the role of plankton in the aquatic food chain. || At the bottom link of the aquatic food chain, there is a group of marine organisms known as plankton, which drifts on or near the surface of the water, and are further divided into phytoplankton (plants) and zooplankton (animals). This web site provides a brief look at five different types of phytoplankton, which includes diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, phytoflagellates, and photosynthetic bacteria. Images of each type of phytoplankton are offered, along with interesting facts, structural information, and physical descriptions of the phytoplankton. || A single-celled algae called dinoflagellates is the focus of a study by marine biologists. Their study looks at bioluminescence of different ocean creatures and the cellular and environmental factors affecting bioluminescent responses. Quick videos throughout the site explain their research. Read about experiments that test flow rate and dinoflagellate response. An explanation tells how the results of the studies have implications for understanding how all cells might be affected by fluid flows. Other practical applications are discussed. Watch a slideshow to see these scientists at work. || Phytoplankton are some of the most valuable life forms in the food chain on the planet. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project is a NASA program that studies our planet from space. The project studies ocean color, because the color of the ocean indicates the types and numbers of marine phytoplankton. This article explains what phytoplankton is and where it is found. You can also access articles on the importance of phytoplankton, the meaning of ocean color, the role of phytoplankton, and more on this Earth Science Enterprise, NASA Web site. || The jellyfish has a bad reputation among beach-goers because of its painful sting. This site was established to help to dispel some of the misconceptions that people have about the jellyfish and other gelatinous zoo plankton. There is a map that shows jellyfish hot spots, a jellyfish fact sheet, and a list of frequently asked questions about the jellyfish. There are also photos and links to other jellyfish resources. || Take a look at the type of zooplankton that can be found in a remote part of the world: the Southern Ocean. The water in this Antarctic region is very cold. But amazingly, zooplankton found here are larger in size than types found in warmer regions of the world. Some of these zooplankton are very aggressive. They have large hooks, spiny teeth, and a strong grip. Take a look at the photos of these microscopic organisms and find out why Polar scientists want to learn more about these unusual creatures of the Southern Sea. || Sand, dirt, and plankton skeletons cover most of the ocean floor but one spot in the South Pacific is nearly bare. Called the South Pacific Bare Zone, it is as big as the Mediterranean Sea. Why has no sediment settled in this zone? The nutrient-poor water in this area might explain the lack of sedimentation, since few plankton survive. Far away from the continents, dust blown on the wind doesn't reach this zone. Nor do currents carry sediment from Antarctica. || Slow and graceful, the whale shark has a mouth big enough for a person but eats plankton instead. To eat, it filters water through gill rakers to find the particles of food. In addition to being the biggest fish, it also has the thickest skin. Through tagging, scientists know that whale sharks migrate long distances. An explosion of plankton draws whale sharks across long distances. Although protected in some places, these sharks may be killed to make soup. || Not only will you learn about the common characteristics of a scallop, but you will also find facts about its anatomy, diet, and predators. These descriptions are very detailed and accurate. A large diagram shows the inside and outside of a scallop shell. You will see the ribs, location of color bans, and all of the parts that make up the living part of the scallop. Links to information on plankton, sea stars, and crabs are also present. || The oceans are not the vast empty expanses filled with a few wandering fish many people think they are. In fact, they are filled with vast forests of kelp, rivers of plankton, and gardens of colorful algae. This site covers the phytoplankton, diatoms, dinoflagellates, the three main types of algae, and the vast sea grass communities that are the very foundations of life in the oceans. || Almost half of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere in the past two centuries has been absorbed by the ocean. That's good news for the atmosphere but bad news for marine organisms like this pteropod mollusk. Researchers were puzzled at first by the missing CO2 in the atmosphere but then discovered where it had gone. Although the sea's absorption of CO2 slowed global warming, it also reduced carbonate ions in the water. Many animals and plankton need carbonate to make their shells. || One of the most amazing creatures to inhabit the sea is a small little fish with a head shaped like a horse, a body covered in scales, and a tail that is used to cling to seaweed. Aside from their unique shape, seahorses also have a specially shaped snout that they use to feed continuously on tiny shrimp, fish, and plankton. This site discusses the habitat of the seahorse and a most interesting life cycle that involves the males giving birth. || Plankton is a life form that lives in water. This life form category includes an assortment of organisms such as algae, bacteria, and single-celled animals. The article presented on this page is all about algal blooms, which is an increase in the number of phytoplankton found in a particular area. Algal blooms can be unhealthy or unhealthy, and you can learn why when you read this information. A section on Red Tides and Brown Tides is also included. || The study of light-producing or bioluminescent plankton is helping scientists learn more about the cellular dynamics of these marine organisms. The Scripps Institution of oceanography offers Glow with the Flow, an online look at the latest research into the connection between how dinoflagellates respond to their fluid environment, and bioluminescence. Also discussed is the study of dinoflagellates as models for learning how cells respond to flow, and plans for exploring future uses and applications of dinoflagellate bioluminescence. || Caused by pollution, acid rain affects the ocean too. The increased acid levels of the water is seen the most along coastal areas. Sea urchins and corals have trouble creating a hard exoskeleton in acidic water. Other marine animals also need these creatures to survive. Some types of plankton and plants thrive in the acidic water and start to take over. The whole ecosystem could be changed because of the pollution from cars, farms, and power plants. || Find out why the whale shark is called a gentle giant. The biggest fish in the ocean gather each year at the Mesoamerican Reef in Belize to feast on snapper larvae. They may wait for hours for fish to spawn. These huge tropical sharks also feed on plankton and other tiny organisms. Belize is a place where divers and fishermen can study these rare sharks. The whale shark draws water into its big mouth and releases it through the gills, filtering food to eat. Whale sharks may travel thousands of miles and live for 100 years if the pups survive. || There are 2,000 different species of dinoflagellata but only certain types cause red tide. These species sometimes multiply rapidly and create brownish red algae blooms. Red tide is dangerous because the toxins produced can kill fish and shellfish and make people sick if they eat contaminated fish or shellfish. Dinoflagellata spin through the water and may have armorlike cell walls. Some make their own food like plants and some live inside jellyfish and corals. Plankton usually contains dinoflagellata. || Although they live in the water, whales are mammals. They breathe air with their lungs through a blowhole. When they surface, they blow air and water from their blowhole and then take a breath. Some whales can stay underwater for almost two hours without taking a breath. Dolphins are actually small whales. They eat fish and squid with their cone-shaped teeth. Dolphins use clicks and whistles to communicate and locate objects underwater. Baleen whales have blade-shaped plates with bristles instead of teeth. They use the baleen to filter krill and plankton from the water to eat. || Join National Geographic on a virtual dive into the kelp forest of Monterey Bay. Investigate the ocean floor in a submersible. Look out through the dome at the unique species of animal and plant life that enjoy the calm waters of this ecosystem. Otters, seals, snails, fish, and crabs swim and rest among the kelp fronds. Near the surface, kelp fronds grow thick, creating a canopy for the forest. Storms at times destroy the canopy, but kelp grows 18 inches a day from the holdfasts that anchor them to the rocky bottom. Algae and plankton thrive in the understory. || Commonly used vocabulary words about the study of the ocean are defined at the web site of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Scientists who study oceanography must be familiar with these terms. The list also includes several acronyms used when talking about oceanography. Learn what density and conductivity mean in relation to water and find out what a video plankton recorder is used for. The tab called Science Tools also defines the tools used to make measurements of the ocean and atmosphere. || Protected by a calcified shell, the oyster filters water through its gills to eat the plankton and other particles in the water. This animal has a soft body and strong muscles to hold the shell closed. Discover the important role of oysters in filtering pollution from the water. Look at the heart and mantle of an oyster. Understand that the oysters that make pearls are different from the oysters you eat. Investigate how an oyster makes a pearl and what determines its size and shape. As natural pearls have become scarcer, more pearls are being cultivated by pearl farmers. || A type of microscopic algae can be harmful to fish and marine mammals like manatees and dolphins. It can even poison people if they eat shellfish contaminated with Karenia brevis. Brevetoxin was found in the tissues of more than 60 marine mammals that died from red tide. Scientists think the animals got poisoned by eating seagrass or fish that feed on plankton. Find out how this toxin attacks the nervous system and why you shouldn't eat shellfish or fish from an area where there is red tide. || Found in tropical seas all around the world, the whale shark is the biggest fish. In spite of its massive size, it eats plankton and tiny fish. Rows and rows of tiny teeth and a mesh of gill rakers strain the food from the water. The body of this fish looks a lot like a whale but it is not. Whale sharks will not attack but may collide with a boat in the water. Learn about its scientific classification and the colors of this huge fish. || Global warming could lead to the extinction of migratory birds, turtles, fish, and other animals. Deserts are expanding. Arctic sea ice is rapidly melting. Sea temperatures are rising fast enough to deplete plankton and leave some turtle species entirely female. While some species are now found further north than they have been seen in the past, others are failing to migrate. Some animals can adapt by migrating to new environments but those that live in the Arctic have nowhere to go as their habitat disappears. Storms, the decline of food supplies, and water scarcity are threatening other species. || A herring is a type of fish called a planktivore. That means that the fish eats plankton, a drifting organism that lives in water. If you want to learn more about herring, this is a very reliable resource. Click onto "Herring Biology" for a physical description of herring, distribution of herring, herring lifecycle, and herring ecology. Click onto "Harvest Processing" to learn about herring fisherman, herring boats, and how herring is harvested and processed. Another interesting category is "Research". Learn how scientists and fisherman use sound to locate and count fish. || Jellyfish are not really fish. They are plankton that float in the currents of oceans and seas all around the world. They range in size from single-celled microscopic organisms, to large sea creatures with 100 foot long tentacles. One interesting fact about jellyfish is that they are made up of 98 per cent water. Take a look at the fantastic color illustration with the labeled parts of a jellyfish. You will learn all about the life cycle of a jellyfish, the sting of a jellyfish, and about several different types of jellyfish, such as the Deep-sea and Portuguese Man-o'-War when you read this fascinating article. || The Kuroshio Current splits when it hits the Japanese archipelago. While the main current follows Japan's southern coast, the Tsushima Current flows through the Sea Of Japan. The Kuroshio Current brings warm water comparable to tropical equatorial regions to the North Pacific Ocean through trade winds, enhancing fishing resources, moderating a milder climate, and providing a sea transportation route. When it combines with the Oyashio Current, it creates explosive plankton growth. Observing ocean currents from space is important to understanding global climate change. || Discover the importance of krill to the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. Actually considered plankton, these shrimp-like animals drift of the sea and can even swim. Imagine thousands of krill in a cubic meter of sea water. Then imagine meter after meter, or even mile after mile, filled with krill in a huge swarm. Krill provide an essential part of the diet of whales, fish, penguins, squid, and seals. Investigate their size and the origin of their name. || Ocean chemistry has changed due to the burning of fossil fuels. Pollution is changing the pH level of the ocean and may have a devastating effect on marine organisms. When carbon dioxide from the atmosphere mixes with water, carbonic acid is produced. This makes it difficult for organisms with shells to get the carbonate they need to build and maintain their shells or skeletons. Look at the world's oceans on a map and see that pH levels are not consistent everywhere. Warm coastal areas are especially vulnerable. Discover the impact of these changes on coral, plankton, and invertebrates. || The variety of animals found at the seashore may surprise you! From birds hunting for food in the waves or on the shore, to the tiny crabs that hide in the sand and hope for passing plankton, the shore is teeming with life. This web site from the Monterey Bay Aquarium discusses the array of animals that depend on the seashore for food and some that even feed other inhabitants. Readers can choose the link for "Beach and Wetland Animals" to find detailed information about these animals. || One hundred million years ago when the White Cliffs of Dover were being formed, a warm sea cover much of England. The chalk that makes the cliffs appear white came from microscopic plankton, which mixed with the remains of shellfish, crustaceans, and sea sponges on the ocean floor. Find out how scientists computed the date of the rock and how scientists believe an asteroid impact and the collision of two tectonic plates formed the cliffs and the Alps. Glaciers and water later eroded the cliffs. || Millions of little creatures that we cannot see are drifting through the sea all the time. These small plants and animals are called plankton, and they are a very important part of the ocean's food chain. Check out the different types of zooplankton on this site. Look at the photo with the drop of water on the eye of a needle. You will see several types of zooplankton. That should convince you how small these animals are. On this site you can click onto hundreds of images of these microscopic creatures for a closer look. || Bright orange with white stripes, you probably recognize the clown anemonefish from Finding Nemo. This fish works together with the sea anemone to benefit both creatures. The clownfish is immune to the anemone's stinging tentacles but its predators are not. The two creatures share food and the clownfish nibbles parasites that bother the anemone. The male fish prepares a nest and protects the eggs after the female fish lays between 100 and 1,000 eggs. The larvae hatch after a week and eat plankton until they look like tiny fish. || Investigate precipitation chemistry and chronic acidification at the Encyclopedia of Earth. Discover the effects of acid rain on forest and aquatic ecosystems, as you learn about water and soil chemistry. Charts, maps, tables, and diagrams illustrate this environmental phenomenon, greatly amplified by human impact and the use of fossil fuels. Understand that acid rain can be up to 100 times as acidic as unpolluted rain, and that pollutants can travel on the air to other states and wreck havoc on trees like the red spruce and sugar maple and aquatic organisms like plankton and fish. || Sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers all have something in common: they are all spiny animals that live in the sea. These echinoderms are from the animal phylum "Echinodermata". On this page you can take a look color photographs of several of these spiny animals, which are just of few of the 6,000 listed in this animal phylum. Learn about the sea star's ability to grow new limbs. Read about the sea cucumber's unique way of eating plankton in the sea. You will gain new knowledge about spiny sea creatures when you finish reading this article. || This site offers you an online guide to the marine zooplankton of southeast Australia. The introduction page defines and describes different types of plankton. You will read about the natural seasonal cycles of these small animals and also learn about their importance in the ocean's food cycle. Find out how scientists obtain samples of zooplankton from the oceans and seas so they can study and research these valuable animals. An outstanding zooplankton anatomy page allows you to view labeled close-ups of some of these amazing creatures. || Can you solve the mystery of Secrets@Sea? This is one of the first online ocean adventure learning games for students in grades four through seven. You will need Flash3 to play this game. If you need to download Flash, you will find a link at this web site. Learn about (1) marine mammals and food webs, (2) salmon, herring, and plankton, (3) tides, oceans, and mapping, and (4) ocean floor features and currents. Have fun and learn too! || http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marine/inverts/arthropoda/shrimp/shrimpfaq3.htm, http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=16+1896+1905&aid=2121
 * **The following sites are from Destiny's Web Path Express.** ||
 * ** Plankton-- **
 * Topic: Plankton ||
 * URL: http://www.nhptv.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Plankton-- **
 * ** Plankton-- **
 * Topic: Aquatic plants, Marine plants, Marine zooplankton, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://www.chesapeakebay.net ||  ||   ||
 * ** Virtual Plankton Tow ** --
 * ** Virtual Plankton Tow ** --
 * Topic: Marine organisms, Marine zooplankton, Oceanography--Research, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://coexploration.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Beyond the Reef ** --
 * ** Beyond the Reef ** --
 * Topic: Great Barrier Reef (Qld.), Plankton ||
 * URL: http://www.amonline.net.au ||  ||   ||
 * ** Zooplankton- Enchanted Learning **
 * ** Zooplankton- Enchanted Learning **
 * Topic: Aquatic animals, Aquatic organisms, Marine zooplankton, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://www.enchantedlearning.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** From the Top of the World... **
 * ** From the Top of the World... **
 * Topic: Aquatic plants, Diatoms, Marine organisms, Marine plants, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://www.bigelow.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Glow With the Flow **
 * ** Glow With the Flow **
 * Topic: Bioluminescence, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://explorations.ucsd.edu ||  ||   ||
 * ** What are Phytoplankton? **
 * ** What are Phytoplankton? **
 * Topic: Algal blooms, Plankton ||
 * URL: http://kids.earth.nasa.gov ||  ||   ||
 * **The Jellies Zone: Jellyfish and Other Gelatinous Zoo Plankton**
 * **The Jellies Zone: Jellyfish and Other Gelatinous Zoo Plankton**
 * Topic: Jellyfishes ||
 * URL: http://www.jellieszone.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Plankton Soup **
 * ** Plankton Soup **
 * Topic: Marine zooplankton ||
 * URL: http://icestories.exploratorium.edu ||  ||   ||
 * T**he Pacific Ocean's Bald Spo** ** t **
 * T**he Pacific Ocean's Bald Spo** ** t **
 * Topic: Pacific Ocean, Sedimentation and deposition ||
 * URL: http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Whale Shark Rhincodon typus **
 * ** Whale Shark Rhincodon typus **
 * Topic: Whale shark, Whale sharks ||
 * URL: http://na.oceana.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Scallop **
 * ** Scallop **
 * Topic: Scallops ||
 * URL: http://www.enchantedlearning.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Forests of the Sea: Phytoplankton and Marine Plants **
 * ** Forests of the Sea: Phytoplankton and Marine Plants **
 * Topic: Aquatic plants, Marine plants ||
 * URL: http://marinebio.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Ocean CO2 May Harm Marine Life **
 * ** Ocean CO2 May Harm Marine Life **
 * Topic: Ocean acidification ||
 * URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk ||  ||   ||
 * ** Seahorses **
 * ** Seahorses **
 * Topic: Sea horses ||
 * URL: http://www.kidcyber.com.au ||  ||   ||
 * ** Algal Blooms **
 * ** Algal Blooms **
 * Topic: Algal blooms, Red tide ||
 * URL: http://www.bigelow.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Bioluminescence **
 * ** Bioluminescence **
 * Topic: Oceanography--Research ||
 * URL: http://scripps.ucsd.edu ||  ||   ||
 * ** Acid Rain Has Greater Impact on Coastal Ocean Waters **
 * ** Acid Rain Has Greater Impact on Coastal Ocean Waters **
 * Topic: Ocean acidification ||
 * URL: http://www.windows2universe.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Belize: Whale Sharks: The Largest Fish in the Sea **
 * ** Belize: Whale Sharks: The Largest Fish in the Sea **
 * Topic: Whale shark, Whale sharks ||
 * URL: http://www.nature.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Dinoflagellata **
 * ** Dinoflagellata **
 * Topic: Red tide ||
 * URL: http://www.factmonster.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises **
 * ** Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises **
 * Topic: Cetacea ||
 * URL: http://www.nhptv.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Monterey Bay - Kelp Forest **
 * ** Monterey Bay - Kelp Forest **
 * Topic: Aquatic plants, Kelp bed ecology, Marine plants ||
 * URL: http://www.nationalgeographic.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Oceanography Vocabulary **
 * ** Oceanography Vocabulary **
 * Topic: Oceanography, Oceanography--Study and teaching ||
 * URL: http://www.whoi.edu ||  ||   ||
 * ** Oysters **
 * ** Oysters **
 * Topic: Pearl oysters ||
 * URL: http://www.sheppardsoftware.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Red Tide Kills Dolphins and Manatees **
 * ** Red Tide Kills Dolphins and Manatees **
 * Topic: Red tide ||
 * URL: http://faculty.washington.edu ||  ||   ||
 * ** Whale Shark **
 * ** Whale Shark **
 * Topic: Whale shark, Whale sharks ||
 * URL: http://www.factmonster.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Animals Hit by Global Warming **
 * ** Animals Hit by Global Warming **
 * Topic: Climate change mitigation ||
 * URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk ||  ||   ||
 * ** Atlantic Herring **
 * ** Atlantic Herring **
 * Topic: Commercial fishing, Fisheries, Fishes ||
 * URL: http://www.gma.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** How Jellyfish Work **
 * ** How Jellyfish Work **
 * Topic: Jellyfishes, Portuguese man-of-war ||
 * URL: http://animals.howstuffworks.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Japan's Familiar Kuroshio Current **
 * ** Japan's Familiar Kuroshio Current **
 * Topic: Japan, Sea of, Ocean currents ||
 * URL: http://www.jamstec.go.jp ||  ||   ||
 * ** Krill **
 * ** Krill **
 * Topic: Krill ||
 * URL: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk ||  ||   ||
 * ** The Key Effects of Climate Change: Acid Oceans **
 * ** The Key Effects of Climate Change: Acid Oceans **
 * Topic: Ocean acidification ||
 * URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk ||  ||   ||
 * ** The Sandy Shore and Aviary **
 * ** The Sandy Shore and Aviary **
 * Topic: Seashore animals ||
 * URL: http://www.mbayaq.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** White Cliffs of Dover: How the Cliffs Formed **
 * ** White Cliffs of Dover: How the Cliffs Formed **
 * Topic: Cliffs ||
 * URL: http://www.icons.org.uk ||  ||   ||
 * ** Zooplankton Photos and Sample Pictures of Zooplankton **
 * ** Zooplankton Photos and Sample Pictures of Zooplankton **
 * Topic: Marine zooplankton ||
 * URL: http://www.imagequest3d.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Clown Anemonefish **
 * ** Clown Anemonefish **
 * Topic: Clown anemonefish, Tropical fish ||
 * URL: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com ||  ||   ||
 * ** Acid Rain **
 * ** Acid Rain **
 * Topic: Acid rain ||
 * URL: http://www.eoearth.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** Echinoderms: The Spiny Animals **
 * ** Echinoderms: The Spiny Animals **
 * Topic: Echinodermata, Echinoderms ||
 * URL: http://www.oceanicresearch.org ||  ||   ||
 * ** What are Zooplankton? **
 * ** What are Zooplankton? **
 * Topic: Marine zooplankton ||
 * URL: http://www.tafi.org.au ||  ||   ||
 * ** Secrets@Sea! **
 * ** Secrets@Sea! **
 * Topic: Marine ecology, Marine sciences ||
 * URL: http://www.secretsatsea.org ||  ||   ||